Iran, also called Persia is a country situated in Western Asia and is bordered by countries like Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Turkey and Iraq. Tehran is the capital of Iran and is also the largest city in the country. Tehran is also the cultural and economic hub. Iran has one of the oldest civilizations in the world with early settlements going back to 4th millennium BC. The country’s population was pre-dominantly Zoroastrian then, however, with the invasion of Arab Muslims, Iran’s population went through Islamization and eventually became a center for Islamic culture and learning’s. Iran is also one of the fewest countries to have not been colonized by Europeans. Iran is a presidential democracy and also is an Islamic theocracy. The final authority is bestowed upon an autocratic “Supreme Leader”. Iran is also a founding member of the UN, ECO, OIC and OPEC. It is also a major regional and middle power and also has large deposits of fossil fuels which make it a country of international interest and Iran also exerts a major influence in international energy security and also on the world economy. Iran also has 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to its rich history and culture.